{ "meta": { "indexName": "The Hague Return Accountability Index", "shortName": "HRAI", "version": "1.0", "status": "Provisional", "dataYear": 2021, "lastUpdated": "2026-07-06", "methodologyDoc": "docs/hague-ranking-methodology.md", "note": "Provisional transparency-and-participation-led index. Return-effectiveness and cost-efficiency are null pending data that is not published per-country. See methodology." }, "methodology": { "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "confidenceGate": 0.35, "tiers": [ { "tier": 1, "label": "Strong measured return performance", "min": 80 }, { "tier": 2, "label": "Good measured performance", "min": 65 }, { "tier": 3, "label": "Mixed measured performance", "min": 50 }, { "tier": 4, "label": "Weak performance / documented concern", "min": 0 } ] }, "countries": [ { "name": "Albania", "iso2": "AL", "slug": "albania", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2007-08-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Andorra", "iso2": "AD", "slug": "andorra", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2011-07-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/1 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "0", "outgoingReturn": "0", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "0" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Argentina", "iso2": "AR", "slug": "argentina", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-06-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 6, "regionalRank": 2, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "14", "outgoingReturn": "54", "incomingAccess": "7", "outgoingAccess": "18", "total": "93" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Armenia", "iso2": "AM", "slug": "armenia", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2007-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/2 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "3", "outgoingReturn": "3", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "6" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Australia", "iso2": "AU", "slug": "australia", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1987-01-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "15", "outgoingReturn": "53", "incomingAccess": "4", "outgoingAccess": "12", "total": "84" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Austria", "iso2": "AT", "slug": "austria", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1988-10-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "27", "outgoingReturn": "33", "incomingAccess": "5", "outgoingAccess": "2", "total": "67" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Bahamas", "iso2": "BS", "slug": "bahamas", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1994-01-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 34.3, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 65 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 34.3, "confidence": 0.57, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 14, "regionalRank": 7, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Barbados", "iso2": "BB", "slug": "barbados", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2019-10-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Belarus", "iso2": "BY", "slug": "belarus", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1998-04-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Belgium", "iso2": "BE", "slug": "belgium", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1999-05-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "28", "outgoingReturn": "51", "incomingAccess": "5", "outgoingAccess": "9", "total": "93" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Belize", "iso2": "BZ", "slug": "belize", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1989-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 77.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 13, "regionalRank": 6, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/4 prior studies (+7.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "1", "outgoingReturn": "2", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "3" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)", "iso2": "BO", "slug": "bolivia-plurinational-state-of", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2016-10-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "iso2": "BA", "slug": "bosnia-and-herzegovina", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1992-03-06", "accessionType": "Succession", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "5", "outgoingReturn": "6", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "2", "total": "13" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Botswana", "iso2": "BW", "slug": "botswana", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2023-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": null, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Joined after the 2021 statistical study — not yet evaluable on survey participation.", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Brazil", "iso2": "BR", "slug": "brazil", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2000-01-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 90, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 5, "regionalRank": 1, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/3 prior studies (+20); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "49", "outgoingReturn": "84", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "10", "total": "143" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Bulgaria", "iso2": "BG", "slug": "bulgaria", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2003-08-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 10, "regionalRank": 4, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "25", "outgoingReturn": "5", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "31" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Burkina Faso", "iso2": "BF", "slug": "burkina-faso", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1992-08-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Cabo Verde", "iso2": "CV", "slug": "cabo-verde", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2023-01-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": null, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Joined after the 2021 statistical study — not yet evaluable on survey participation.", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Canada", "iso2": "CA", "slug": "canada", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1983-12-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); 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longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "2", "outgoingReturn": "9", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "12" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Colombia", "iso2": "CO", "slug": "colombia", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1996-03-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); 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reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "2", "outgoingReturn": "2", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "4" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Cyprus", "iso2": "CY", "slug": "cyprus", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1995-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "5", "outgoingReturn": "5", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "12" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Czechia", "iso2": "CZ", "slug": "czechia", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1998-03-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "14", "outgoingReturn": "17", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "8", "total": "41" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Denmark", "iso2": "DK", "slug": "denmark", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-07-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "9", "outgoingReturn": "18", "incomingAccess": "4", "outgoingAccess": "2", "total": "33" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Dominican Republic", "iso2": "DO", "slug": "dominican-republic", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2004-11-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Ecuador", "iso2": "EC", "slug": "ecuador", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1992-04-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 80, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 9, "regionalRank": 4, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/3 prior studies (+10); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "29", "outgoingReturn": "3", "incomingAccess": "8", "outgoingAccess": "8", "total": "48" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "El Salvador", "iso2": "SV", "slug": "el-salvador", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2001-05-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "6", "outgoingReturn": "13", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "19" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Estonia", "iso2": "EE", "slug": "estonia", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2001-07-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "7", "outgoingReturn": "11", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "21" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Fiji", "iso2": "FJ", "slug": "fiji", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1999-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Finland", "iso2": "FI", "slug": "finland", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1994-08-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "7", "outgoingReturn": "14", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "4", "total": "26" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "France", "iso2": "FR", "slug": "france", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1983-12-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "127", "outgoingReturn": "105", "incomingAccess": "27", "outgoingAccess": "26", "total": "285" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Gabon", "iso2": "GA", "slug": "gabon", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2011-03-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Georgia", "iso2": "GE", "slug": "georgia", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1997-10-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "3", "outgoingReturn": "5", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "8" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Germany", "iso2": "DE", "slug": "germany", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1990-12-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 68.9, "returnEffectiveness": 54.3, "speedEnforcement": 75, "cooperation": 80, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 68.9, "confidence": 0.78, "confidenceLabel": "High", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 2, "regionalRank": 1, "tier": 2, "tierLabel": "Good measured performance", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 80, "label": "positive (U.S.-proxy)", "basis": "U.S. IPCA 2024: 'strong and productive relationship'; not cited for a pattern of noncompliance.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "proxy": true }, "speed": { "score": 75, "label": "timely (U.S.-proxy)", "basis": "U.S. IPCA 2024: children located in under one week; judicial authorities 'routinely reached timely decisions'; decisions 'generally enforced in a timely manner'.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "proxy": true }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "117", "outgoingReturn": "220", "incomingAccess": "26", "outgoingAccess": "34", "total": "397" }, "usProxy2024": { "returnCasesTotal": 6, "returnCasesResolved": 4, "returnCasesResolvedPct": 67, "returnCasesOpenEnd": 2, "returnChildren": 6, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "note": "U.S.-related cases only — six return cases involving six children in CY2024; four resolved, two open at year end. This is NOT Germany's global caseload and 'resolved' does not necessarily mean the child was returned." }, "publicCost": { "status": "estimated", "currency": "EUR", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": [ 2754000, 6955200 ], "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": [ 6885000, 27820800 ], "costPerReturnedChildUsd": [ 72474, 496800 ], "costPerActiveCaseUsd": [ 16875, 68188 ], "budgetTransparencyScore": 0.35, "confidence": 0.3, "method": "Level B (estimated FTE × fully-loaded German public-sector cost × overhead) + Level C (broad multiplier for courts, legal aid, enforcement, translation, systems). No official budget line.", "returnedChildrenBasis": "proxy-global-rate" }, "dataGaps": [ "Direct CA budget", "FTE count", "National return outcomes", "Court/enforcement timings", "Legal-aid spend" ] }, { "name": "Greece", "iso2": "GR", "slug": "greece", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1993-06-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 77.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "12", "outgoingReturn": "NR", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "NR", "total": "13" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Guatemala", "iso2": "GT", "slug": "guatemala", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2002-05-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 90, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/3 prior studies (+20); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "9", "outgoingReturn": "5", "incomingAccess": "7", "outgoingAccess": "6", "total": "27" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Guinea", "iso2": "GN", "slug": "guinea", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2012-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Guyana", "iso2": "GY", "slug": "guyana", "region": "Other", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2019-05-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Honduras", "iso2": "HN", "slug": "honduras", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1994-03-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 37.8, "returnEffectiveness": 30, "speedEnforcement": 35, "cooperation": 25, "transparency": 70, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 37.8, "confidence": 0.58, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 11, "regionalRank": 5, "tier": 4, "tierLabel": "Weak performance / documented concern", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30)", "cooperation": { "score": 25, "label": "concern (U.S.-proxy)", "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Cited by the U.S. Department of State for a pattern of noncompliance in CY2024 (U.S.-related cases only). A noncompliance finding \"does not necessarily mean that the country is in violation of any Convention obligations.\"" }, "speed": { "score": 35, "proxy": true, "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "basis": "Processing/enforcement concerns underlying the U.S. noncompliance citation." }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "14", "outgoingReturn": "NR", "incomingAccess": "NR", "outgoingAccess": "NR", "total": "14" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Hungary", "iso2": "HU", "slug": "hungary", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1986-07-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "18", "outgoingReturn": "31", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "51" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Iceland", "iso2": "IS", "slug": "iceland", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1996-11-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "7", "outgoingReturn": "3", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "12" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Iraq", "iso2": "IQ", "slug": "iraq", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2014-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Ireland", "iso2": "IE", "slug": "ireland", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-10-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "27", "outgoingReturn": "40", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "7", "total": "76" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Israel", "iso2": "IL", "slug": "israel", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-12-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 73, "returnEffectiveness": 63.3, "speedEnforcement": 75, "cooperation": 80, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 100 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 73, "confidence": 0.68, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 1, "regionalRank": 1, "tier": 2, "tierLabel": "Good measured performance", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": { "score": 80, "label": "positive (U.S.-proxy)", "basis": "U.S. IPCA 2024: 'strong and productive relationship'; not cited for a pattern of noncompliance.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "proxy": true }, "speed": { "score": 75, "label": "timely (U.S.-proxy)", "basis": "U.S. IPCA 2024: children located in under one week; judicial authorities 'regularly reached timely decisions'; decisions 'generally enforced in a timely manner'.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "proxy": true }, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "11", "outgoingReturn": "18", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "3", "total": "33" }, "usProxy2024": { "returnCasesTotal": 4, "returnCasesResolved": 4, "returnCasesResolvedPct": 100, "returnCasesOpenEnd": 0, "returnChildren": 4, "accessNote": "One access case involving three children (opened 2022) remained open at year end.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "note": "U.S.-related cases only — four return cases involving four children in CY2024, all four resolved and none open at year end. This is NOT Israel's global caseload and 'resolved' does not necessarily mean the child was returned." }, "publicCost": { "status": "estimated", "currency": "ILS", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": [ 544320, 2721600 ], "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": [ 1360800, 10886400 ], "costPerReturnedChildUsd": [ 226800, 3628800 ], "costPerActiveCaseUsd": [ 41236, 329891 ], "budgetTransparencyScore": 0.15, "confidence": 0.2, "method": "Level B (estimated FTE × fully-loaded Israeli public-sector lawyer cost × overhead) + Level C (broad multiplier). No official budget line.", "returnedChildrenBasis": "proxy-global-rate" }, "dataGaps": [ "Direct CA budget", "FTE count", "National return outcomes", "Court/enforcement timings", "Legal-aid spend" ] }, { "name": "Italy", "iso2": "IT", "slug": "italy", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1995-05-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "65", "outgoingReturn": "91", "incomingAccess": "5", "outgoingAccess": "15", "total": "176" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Jamaica", "iso2": "JM", "slug": "jamaica", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2017-05-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 70, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "2", "outgoingReturn": "7", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "10" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Japan", "iso2": "JP", "slug": "japan", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2014-04-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/1 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "14", "outgoingReturn": "15", "incomingAccess": "6", "outgoingAccess": "4", "total": "39" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Kazakhstan", "iso2": "KZ", "slug": "kazakhstan", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2013-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Latvia", "iso2": "LV", "slug": "latvia", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2002-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "11", "outgoingReturn": "22", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "5", "total": "40" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Lesotho", "iso2": "LS", "slug": "lesotho", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2012-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Lithuania", "iso2": "LT", "slug": "lithuania", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2002-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "16", "outgoingReturn": "28", "incomingAccess": "3", "outgoingAccess": "4", "total": "51" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Luxembourg", "iso2": "LU", "slug": "luxembourg", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1987-01-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "5", "outgoingReturn": "21", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "27" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Malta", "iso2": "MT", "slug": "malta", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2000-01-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "3", "outgoingReturn": "7", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "12" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Mauritius", "iso2": "MU", "slug": "mauritius", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1993-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 85, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/4 prior studies (+15); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "1", "outgoingReturn": "0", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "2", "total": "3" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Mexico", "iso2": "MX", "slug": "mexico", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "96", "outgoingReturn": "116", "incomingAccess": "6", "outgoingAccess": "16", "total": "234" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Monaco", "iso2": "MC", "slug": "monaco", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1993-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 92.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/4 prior studies (+22.5); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "0", "outgoingReturn": "0", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "0" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Montenegro", "iso2": "ME", "slug": "montenegro", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2006-06-03", "accessionType": "Succession", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/2 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "11", "outgoingReturn": "0", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "12" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Morocco", "iso2": "MA", "slug": "morocco", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2010-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/1 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "19", "outgoingReturn": "9", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "29" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Netherlands (Kingdom of the)", "iso2": "NL", "slug": "netherlands-kingdom-of-the", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1990-09-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "18", "outgoingReturn": "52", "incomingAccess": "4", "outgoingAccess": "9", "total": "83" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "New Zealand", "iso2": "NZ", "slug": "new-zealand", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1991-08-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "24", "outgoingReturn": "28", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "8", "total": "61" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Nicaragua", "iso2": "NI", "slug": "nicaragua", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2001-03-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); 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longitudinal participation 2/3 prior studies (+20); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "19", "outgoingReturn": "19", "incomingAccess": "3", "outgoingAccess": "11", "total": "52" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Slovenia", "iso2": "SI", "slug": "slovenia", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1994-06-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "7", "outgoingReturn": "5", "incomingAccess": "3", "outgoingAccess": "3", "total": "18" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "South Africa", "iso2": "ZA", "slug": "south-africa", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1997-10-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "12", "outgoingReturn": "15", "incomingAccess": "3", "outgoingAccess": "1", "total": "31" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Spain", "iso2": "ES", "slug": "spain", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1987-09-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "72", "outgoingReturn": "85", "incomingAccess": "13", "outgoingAccess": "5", "total": "175" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Sri Lanka", "iso2": "LK", "slug": "sri-lanka", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2001-12-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 80, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/3 prior studies (+10); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "1", "outgoingReturn": "1", "incomingAccess": "1", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "3" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Sweden", "iso2": "SE", "slug": "sweden", "region": "Europe", "eu": true, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1989-06-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "21", "outgoingReturn": "31", "incomingAccess": "9", "outgoingAccess": "4", "total": "65" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Switzerland", "iso2": "CH", "slug": "switzerland", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1984-01-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "36", "outgoingReturn": "68", "incomingAccess": "9", "outgoingAccess": "11", "total": "124" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Thailand", "iso2": "TH", "slug": "thailand", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2002-11-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 52.2, "returnEffectiveness": 46.7, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": 60, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 65 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 52.2, "confidence": 0.56, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "provisional", "globalRank": 3, "regionalRank": 1, "tier": 3, "tierLabel": "Mixed measured performance", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": { "score": 60, "label": "mixed (U.S.-proxy)", "basis": "U.S. IPCA 2024: 'cooperative relationship,' but 'delays in communication from the Thai Central Authority in the past have jeopardized the timely filing of Convention applications.' Not cited for a pattern of noncompliance.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "proxy": true }, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": { "returnCasesTotal": 4, "returnCasesResolved": 2, "returnCasesResolvedPct": 50, "returnCasesOpenEnd": 2, "returnChildren": 4, "accessNote": "One access case involving two children (opened 2023) was resolved by year end.", "source": "US_IPCA_2024", "note": "U.S.-related cases only — four return cases involving four children in CY2024; two resolved, two open at year end. This is NOT Thailand's global caseload and 'resolved' does not necessarily mean the child was returned." }, "publicCost": { "status": "estimated", "currency": "THB", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": [ 32200, 272160 ], "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": [ 64400, 816480 ], "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null, "costPerActiveCaseUsd": null, "budgetTransparencyScore": 0.05, "confidence": 0.15, "method": "Level B (estimated FTE × fully-loaded Thai public-sector cost × overhead) + Level C (broad multiplier). No official budget line; among the lowest-confidence estimates on the site.", "returnedChildrenBasis": "proxy-us-only" }, "dataGaps": [ "HCCH survey participation", "Verified Central Authority", "Verified legal framework", "National caseload", "National return outcomes", "Direct CA budget", "FTE count", "Court/enforcement timings" ] }, { "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "iso2": "TT", "slug": "trinidad-and-tobago", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2000-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 80, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 1/3 prior studies (+10); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "1", "outgoingReturn": "4", "incomingAccess": "0", "outgoingAccess": "0", "total": "5" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Tunisia", "iso2": "TN", "slug": "tunisia", "region": "Middle East & Africa", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2017-10-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Türkiye", "iso2": "TR", "slug": "t-rkiye", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2000-08-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 3/3 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "61", "outgoingReturn": "24", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "8", "total": "95" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Turkmenistan", "iso2": "TM", "slug": "turkmenistan", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1998-03-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Ukraine", "iso2": "UA", "slug": "ukraine", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2006-09-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/2 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "38", "outgoingReturn": "43", "incomingAccess": "7", "outgoingAccess": "7", "total": "95" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "iso2": "GB", "slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland", "region": "Europe", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1986-08-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "188", "outgoingReturn": "216", "incomingAccess": "87", "outgoingAccess": "33", "total": "524" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "United States of America", "iso2": "US", "slug": "united-states", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1988-07-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 100, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 4/4 prior studies (+30); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "313", "outgoingReturn": "144", "incomingAccess": "30", "outgoingAccess": "30", "total": "517" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "estimated", "currency": "USD", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": [ 7200000, 24640000 ], "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": [ 10800000, 73920000 ], "costPerReturnedChildUsd": [ 67500, 786383 ], "costPerActiveCaseUsd": [ 20890, 142979 ], "budgetTransparencyScore": 0.3, "confidence": 0.25, "method": "Level B (estimated FTE for the abduction+prevention function × fully-loaded U.S. federal cost × overhead) + Level C (broad multiplier). U.S. Hague litigation is largely privately funded and is excluded from public cost. No official budget line.", "returnedChildrenBasis": "proxy-global-rate" }, "dataGaps": [ "Direct CA budget", "FTE count", "Per-requested-state return outcomes", "Enforcement cost", "Prevention-program cost" ] }, { "name": "Uruguay", "iso2": "UY", "slug": "uruguay", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "2000-02-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 85, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); longitudinal participation 2/4 prior studies (+15); reports both incoming & outgoing flows (+15); reports access cases (+15)", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": { "incomingReturn": "3", "outgoingReturn": "7", "incomingAccess": "2", "outgoingAccess": "3", "total": "15" }, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Uzbekistan", "iso2": "UZ", "slug": "uzbekistan", "region": "Asia-Pacific", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1999-08-01", "accessionType": "Accession", "article38CheckRequired": true, "scores": { "overall": 45, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 0, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 45 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 45, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "Did not respond to the HCCH 2021 statistical survey (absent from the responding-states table).", "cooperation": null, "speed": null, "caseload2021": null, "usProxy2024": null, "publicCost": { "status": "not_publicly_available", "directCentralAuthorityCostUsd": null, "broadPublicImplementationCostUsd": null, "costPerReturnedChildUsd": null }, "dataGaps": [ "Per-country return outcomes", "Central Authority budget" ] }, { "name": "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)", "iso2": "VE", "slug": "venezuela-bolivarian-republic-of", "region": "Americas", "eu": false, "hague1980Status": "Contracting Party", "entryIntoForce": "1997-01-01", "accessionType": "Ratification", "article38CheckRequired": false, "scores": { "overall": 80, "returnEffectiveness": null, "speedEnforcement": null, "cooperation": null, "transparency": 77.5, "costEfficiency": null, "dataQuality": 80 }, "weights": { "returnEffectiveness": 35, "speedEnforcement": 20, "cooperation": 15, "transparency": 15, "costEfficiency": 10, "dataQuality": 5 }, "overallProvisional": 80, "confidence": 0.51, "confidenceLabel": "Medium", "rankingStatus": "insufficient", "globalRank": null, "regionalRank": null, "tier": 0, "tierLabel": "Insufficient data / not evaluable", "transparencyNote": "responded to the 2021 survey (+40); 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